Systemic anatomy Essay Example for Free

Systemic anatomy Essay The muscles of tongue can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic groups. The intrinsic muscles lie entirely within the tongue, while the extrinsic muscles attach the tongue to other structures. The extrinsic muscles reposition the tongue, while the intrinsic muscles alter the shape of the tongue for talking and swallowing. Extrinsic tongue muscles, by definition, originate from structures outside the tongue and insert into the tongue. The four paired extrinsic muscles protrude, retract, depress, and elevate the tongue: Muscle From Nerve Function Genioglossus muscle mandible-(Genial Tubercles) hypoglossal nerve Protrudes the tongue as well as depressing its center. Hyoglossus muscle hyoid bone Depresses the tongue. Styloglossus muscle styloid process Elevates and retracts the tongue. Palatoglossus muscle palatine aponeurosis pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve Depresses the soft palate, moves the palatoglossal fold towards the midline, and elevates the back of the tongue. Intrinsic muscles Four paired intrinsic muscles of the tongue originate and insert within the tongue, running along its length. These muscles alter the shape of the tongue by: engthening and shortening it, curling and uncurling its apex and edges, and flattening and rounding its surface. The superior longitudinal muscle runs along the superior surface of the tongue under the mucous membrane, and elevates, assists in retraction of, or deviates the tip of the tongue. It originates near the epiglottis, the hyoid bone, from the median fibrous septum. The inferior longitudinal muscle lines the sides of the tongue, and is Joined to the styloglossus muscle. The verticalis muscle is located in the middle of the tongue, and Joins the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles. The transversus muscle divides the tongue at the ed to the mucous membranes . the tongue that run along the sides 2. The muscle that . -Protrude -Retract -Depress -Retraction, elevation of posterior third -Shape changes The Genioglossus mus protrudes the tongue. Remember that contraction of the right genioglossus muscle (for example) points the tip of the tongue to the patients left. The Styloglossus muscle retracts the tongue upward and backward. Also the Palatoglossus muscle retracts the tongue upward and backward. The Hyoglossus muscle depresses the tongue. The Levator veli palatini muscle elevates the soft palate during swallowing. The Longitudinal, tranverse and vertical muscles of the tongue. They help to change the shape of the tongue. 3. Muscle of pharyngeal wall. The pharyngeal wall is formed by skeletal muscles and by fascia. Gaps between the muscles are reinforced by the fascia and provide routes for structures to pass through the wall. The muscles of the pharynx are organized into two groups based on the orientation of muscle fibers. The constrictor muscles have fibers oriented in a circular direction relative to the pharyngeal wall, whereas the longitudinal muscles have fibers oriented vertically. The three constrictor muscles on each side are major contributors to the structure of the pharyngeal wall and their names indicate their position†superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles. Posteriorly, the muscles from each side are Joined together by the pharyngeal raphe. Anteriorly, these muscles attach to bones and ligaments related to the lateral margins of the nasal and oral cavities and the larynx. The constrictor muscles overlap each other in a fashion resembling the walls of three flower pots stacked one on the other. The inferior constrictors overlap the lower margins of the middle constrictors and, in the ame way, the middle constrictors overlap the superior constrictors. Collectively, the muscles constrict or narrow the pharyngeal cavity. When the constrictor muscles contract sequentially from top to bottom, as in swallowing, they move a bolus of food through the pharynx and into the esophagus. All of the constrictors are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]. The superior constrictor muscles together bracket the upper part of the pharyngeal cavity. Each muscle is attached anteriorly to the pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, and adjacent bone of he mandible. From these attachments , the muscle tans out posteriorly and Joins witn its partner muscle from the other side at the pharyngeal raphe. A special band of muscle (the palatopharyngeal sphincter) originates from the anterolateral surface of the soft palate and circles the inner aspect of the pharyngeal wall, blending with the inner aspect of the superior constrictor. When the superior constrictor constricts during swallowing, it forms a prominent ridge on the deep aspect of the pharyngeal wall that catches the margin of the elevated soft palate, which then seals closed the haryngeal isthmus between the nasopharynx and oropharynx. The middle constrictor muscles are attached to the lower aspect of the stylohyoid ligament, the lesser horn of the hyoid bone, and the entire upper surface of the greater horn of the hyoid. Like the superior constrictors, the middle constrictor muscles fan out posteriorly and attach to the pharyngeal raphe. The posterior part of the middle constrictors overlaps the superior constrictors. The inferior constrictor muscles attach anteriorly to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and ligament that spans between these two attachments to cartilage and crosses the cricothyroid muscle . Like the other constrictor muscles, the inferior constrictor muscles spread out posteriorly and attach to the pharyngeal raphe. The posterior part of the inferior constrictors overlaps the middle constrictors. Inferiorly, the muscle fibers blend with and attach into the wall of the esophagus. The parts of the inferior constrictors attached to the cricoid cartilage bracket the narrowest part of the pharyngeal cavity. Longitudinal muscles The three longitudinal muscles of the pharyngeal wall are named according to their rigins†stylopharyngeus from the styloid process of the temporal bone, salpingopharyngeus from the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube (salpinx is Greek for tube), and palatopharyngeus from the soft palate. From their sites of origin, these muscles descend and attach into the pharyngeal wall. Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx The longitudinal muscles elevate the pharyngeal wall, or during swallowing, pull the pharyngeal wall up and over a bolus of food being moved through the pharynx and into the esophagus. Stylopharyngeus The cylindrical stylopharyngeus muscle originates from the base of the medial urface of the styloid process of the temporal bone, descends between the superior and middle constrictor muscles to fan out on, and blend with, the deep surface of the pharyngeal wall. It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve [1;0. Salpingopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus is a small muscle originating from the inferior aspect of the pharyngotympanic tube, descending on, and blending into the deep surface of the pharyngeal wall. It is innervated by the vagus nerve [X]. Palatopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus , in addition to being a muscle of the pharynx, is also a muscle of the soft palate . It is attached to the upper surface of the palatine aponeurosis, and passes posteriorly and inferiorly to blend with the deep surface of the pharyngeal wall. Palatopharyngeus forms an important fold in the overlying mucosa (the palatopharyngeal arch). This arch is visible through the oral cavity and is a landmark for finding the palatine tonsil, which is immediately anterior to it on the oropharyngeal wall. The larynx, or voicebox, is an organ in the neck that plays a crucial role in speech and breathing. The larynx is the point at which t aerodigestive tract splits into two separate pathways: the inspired air travels through he trachea, or windpipe, into the lungs, and swallowed food enters the esophagus and passes into the stomach. Because of its location, the larynx has three important functions control of the airflow during breathing protection of the airway production of sound for speech. The larynx consisted of a framework of cartilage with surrounding soft tissue. The most prominent piece of cartilage is a shield-shaped structure called the thyroid cartilage. The anterior portion of the thyroid cartilage can be easily felt in thin necks as the Adams apple. Superior to the larynx (sometimes considered part of the arynx itself) is a U-shaped bone called the hyoid. The hyoid bone supports the larynx from above and is itself attached to the mandible by muscles and tendons. These attachments are important in elevating the larynx during swallowing and speech. The lower part of the larynx consists of a circular piece of cartilage called the cricoid cartilage. This cartilage is shaped like a signet ring with the larger portion of the ring in the back. Below the cricoid are the rings of the trachea. In the center of the larynx lie the vocal folds (also known as the vocal cords). The vocal folds are one of the most mportant parts of the larynx, as they play a key role in all three functions mentioned above. The vocal folds are made of muscles covered by a thin layer called mucosa. There is a right and left fold, forming a V when viewed from above. At the rear portion of each vocal fold is a small structure made of cartilage called the arytenoid. Many small muscles, described below, are attached to the arytenoids. These muscles pull the arytenoids apart from each other during breathing, thereby opening the airway. During speech the arytenoids and therefore the vocal folds are brought close together. As the air passes by the vocal folds in this position, they open and close very quickly. The rapid pulsation of air passing through the vocal folds produces a sound that is then modified by the remainder of the vocal tract to produce speech. This process is described in more detail in the page on vocal fold vibration. 4. Give the cartilage of larynx. Describe each. Laryngeal cartilages can refer to: The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are attached. These allow and aid in the vocal cords movement. Each is pyramidal or ladle-shaped in form and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. The cricoid cartilage or simply cricoid is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. The epiglottis is a flap that is made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. It projects obliquely upwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone, pointing dorsally. There are taste buds on the epiglottis. The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the tracheathat contains the larynx. It is composed of two plate-like laminae that fuse on the anterior side of the cartilage to form a peak, called the laryngeal prominence. This prominence is often referred to as the pomus Adam' or Adams apple. The laryngeal prominence is more prominent in adult male than temale because ot 1200 in female. 5. Muscle of soft palate. Muscle Action levator veli palatini deglutition ne difference in the size ot the angle: 900 in male and Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus tensor veli palatini mandibular nerve palatoglossus respiration palatopharyngeus musculus uvulae moves uvula

College Drop-Out Makes it Big with Online eBusiness :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

College Drop-Out Makes it Big with Online eBusiness Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com In May, Sam Lave dropped out of college and stumbled upon an untapped market on the internet. Nothing has been the same since. Sam wanted to start an hobby related company due to the interest he developed pursuing a hobby in college. A loyal online buyer and occasional seller, he searched the internet for the hobby equipment he would need. Nobody was selling it. In a single moment an idea came to him that would change his life forever. Mr. Lave purchased the hobby equipment he needed directly from the manufacturer. Once it arrived at his home, he listed it for auction. Ten days later the equipment sold to the highest of twenty-three bidders, earning Mr. Lave a large profit. He began doing this over and over, and eventually earned enough money to make selling on the internet a full-time job. In his first three months, Mr. Lave sold $215,000 in merchandise. Mr. Lave had designed Web sites for cash during college but he decided against building his own website. He had no idea how he would gain publicity for the website and build traffic. On the internet, no traffic equals no money. Mr. Lave borrowed some money from his family and used VotanWeb to quickly identify and purchase an established hobby related website. During his first year in business, sales totaled approximately $900,000. This year, the 20-year-old expects gross sales to reach $3 million. "I basically used an existing website to get my name out on the internet and then built my reputation by providing hobby equipment people want and giving them solid technical support," he says. To keep sales growing, Mr. Lave began to sell a variety hobby products, but his success attracted copycats. Competitors followed his lead and started offering prices he couldn't match without reducing his profit margin. Fortunately, Mr Lave realized he could maintain his profit margins by offering technical support. "For someone who's not a serious hobby enthusiast, this equipment can be challenging to build and operate," he says. "Some of the manuals that come with the products are up to 800 pages long." Mr. Lave added a service section to his Web site and began to provide technical assistance. This resulted in increased sales. In an effort to provide additional technical support to customers, Mr. Lave made a training DVD and started selling it on his Web site.

Assignment on Ncc Bank

Assignment on Customer Satisfaction of National Credit & Commerce (NCC) Bank Limited, Bangladesh Company Profile: National Credit and Commerce Bank Ltd. bears a unique history of its own. The organization started its journey in the financial sector of the country as an investment company back in 1985. The aim of the company was to mobilize resources from within and invest them in such way so as to develop country's Industrial and Trade Sector and playing a catalyst role in the formation of capital market as well.Its membership with the browse helped the company to a great extent in this regard. The company operated upto 1992 with 16 branches and thereafter with the permission of the Central Bank converted in to a full fledged private commercial Bank in 1993 with paid up capital of Tk. 39. 00 corore to serve the nation from a broader platform. Since its inception NCC Bank Ltd. has acquired commendable reputation by providing sincere personalized service to its customers in a technolog y based environment.The Bank has set up a new standard in financing in the Industrial, Trade and Foreign exchange business. Its various deposit ; credit products have also attracted the clients-both corporate and individuals who feel comfort in doing business with the Bank. Mission: To mobilize financial resources from within and abroad to contribute to Agriculture's, Industry & Socio-economic development of the country and to play a catalytic role in the formation of capital market.Vision: To become the Bank of choice in serving the Nation as a progressive and Socially Responsible financial institution by bringing credit & commerce together for profit and sustainable growth.Our wide range of merchants include Hotels, Restaurants, Airline and Travel Agents, Shopping Malls, Hospitals, Jewellery Shops, Mobile Phone and Internet Service Providers, Petrol Pumps and many more! Now NCC Bank Visa Credit Cards can also be used at all 142 ATM’s Booth and 600 POS (Point of Sale) of Dut ch-Bangla Bank. Instant Cash Advance: You do not need to carry cash any more if you have a NCC Bank Credit Card. You can withdraw cash up to 50% of your credit limit from any ATM across the country that shows Visa logo. Credit Facilities: NCC Bank Visa Credit Card offers you free Credit facility up to 45 days and minimum of 15 days without any interest (Purchase only). Supplementary Card | | | |NCC bank Visa Credit Card holder can also enjoy spouseCredit Card free of cost for lifetime and issue more Supplementary card. | | | |Reward Programs | | | |As a NCC Bank Visa Credit Card holder, you will accumulate Treasure points for every purchase made by using Visa Credit Card. For every Tk. | |50 and USD 1 spent on your Credit Card, you will earn 1 and 1. 5 Treasure Point accordingly and be closer to redeeming the reward of your | |choice. | | |Flexible Payment Option | | | |With the NCC Bank Visa Credit Card, you have the convenience to pay as little as 5% of your outstanding (or Tk. 50 0, whichever is higher) | |on the Card account every month, thus having the power and flexibility to plan your payments. | | | |Auto-Debit Payment Facility | | | |With the NCC bank Credit Card, you no longer have to stand in long queues for paying your monthly bill. You can pay your monthly bill | |through NCC Bank Account by instruction Auto-Debit. | | |Corporate Visa Credit Card | | | |Corporate is characteristic of individuals acting together; â€Å"a joint identity†; â€Å"the collective mind†; â€Å"the corporate good†. | | | |The new dimension of NCC Bank Visa Credit Card is Corporate Credit Card which has already started to benefit the Corporate Houses. | Objective of Corporate Customers *Fast and Accurate Services *Effective Communication *Attractive Pricing (Annual fee 50% discount on card fee) *Strong Communication *Smiling faces of the Bankers *Good Ambience in the Bank Our Corporate Offer Particular |Small (10-100) |Medium (101-500) |Large (500 above ) | |Card Fee |50% |50% |(Negotiable) | |Rate of Interest |2% |2% |2% | |Cash Withdrawal |2% |2% |2% | |Purchase |2% |2% |2% | |Maximum period of interest free |45 Days |45 Days |50 Days | |Replacement Card Fee |Charges |Charges |Free | |Late Payment Charge |Charges |Charges |Free | |Excess Over Limit Charges |Charges |Charges |Free | |Balance Transfer Facilities | | ||If anyone holds other Bank Credit Card, then NCC Bank will issue a credit card with equivalent limit and will issue a pay order by debiting| |card A/C from balance transfer option for the equivalent amount of total outstanding in order to full settlement and cancellation of other | |Bank A/C. | |Remittance Products | | | | | | |[| | | |p|Special Interest rate on Savings and Term Deposits | | |i| | | |c| | | |]| | | |[| | | |p| | | |i| | | |c| | | |]| | | | | | | |[| | | |p|Wage Earners Welfare Deposit Pension Scheme | | |i| | | |c| | | |]| | | |[| | | |p| | | |i| | | |c| | | |]| | | | | | | |[| | | |p|Loans for Real E state (Land purchase and House construction/renovation) | | |i| | | |c| | | |]| | | [| | | |p| | | |i| | | |c| | | |]| | | | | | | |[| | | |p|Advance against Regular Remittance | | |i| | | |c| | | |]| | | |[| | | |p| | | |i| | | |c| | | |]| | | All Services: |Brokerage House | | | | | | | |[pic][|Member, Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. |pic] | | | | | |[pic][|Full Service Depository Participant | |pic] | | |Treasury Service | | | | | | | |[pic][|Primary Dealer of Govt.Approved Securities | |pic] | | | | | | | |Remittance Service | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic][|Correspondence arrangement with more than 330 Financial Institutions all over the World | | |pic] | | | | | | | |[pic][|For Wage Earners Remittance we have Agency arrangement with 12 reputed Exchange Housescovering major Locations of our Expatriates | | |pic] | | |

The, The Bark, And Birds Hell - 1445 Words

Upon entering The Met museum, I was overwhelmed by the enormous sculptures and detailed paintings that filled each gallery. Though there were many galleries, the one that captured my attention and led to be the focus of my paper is the Max Beckmann gallery. Max Beckmann in New York sheds light on his connection with New York City. The art gallery displayed fourteen works in which Beckmann created during his time living in New York. The gallery included many different forms of art works such as, self-portraits, mythical, expressionist interiors, robust, colorful portraits, portraits of women, performers, and landscapes. Of the fourteen works, the three that I will focus on in this paper is the Self Portrait in Tuxedo, The Bark, and Birds Hell. Max Beckman was a German painter, printmaker, craftsman, and sculptor. Beckmann enjoyed great success, receiving official honors and awards. His success suddenly reached a turning point when Adolf Hitler came into power. Hitler resented Modern Art, and led in the abolishment of Modern Art in Germany. Shortly after, Beckmann was disliked by the Nazi Government and was often referred to as a â€Å"Cultural Bolshevik†. Cultural Bolshevism was a term used by Nazi Germany to attack Modernist Movements in the arts. After enduring such rejection, Mac Beckmann focused his experience of Modern life into Expressive images with an intensity of emotion and symbolism. During the 1920s, Beckmann became one of the main artists associated with NeueShow MoreRelatedSlaughterhouse Five, By Kurt Vonnegut941 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"War is hell† goes the commonly used phrase. While conducted with a purpose in mind, many believe war to bring nothing but violence and death. In the history of mankind and combat, men have committed many abominable acts against one another as a means to an end. 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