Motivation, Organizational Behavior and Performance :: organizations, business, motivation,

Motivation is an all important(p) concept which is critical for studying of and improvement in organizational behaviour and performance. It is therefore important for the managers to determine motive. It is an important tool which they bottomland use to get more out of their employees and increase organizational performance. Motivation can be defined as the factors, some(prenominal) internal as well as external which arouse in individuals the desire and commitment for a job (Mele, 2005, p. 15). Organizational performance on the opposite hand refers to the degree to which the organizational objectives have been chance ond.Research has shown that motivation in an employee is an important factor which determines his performance. Motivation is the driving force within individuals (Mullins, 2007, p. 285). It is the concerned with determination out the reasons which shape and direct the behaviour of the individuals. The people act to achieve something so that they can satisfy some needs (Gitman and Daniel, 2008). It is important for the manager to understand this motivation of individual employees in order to inspire them and devise an appropriate set of incentives and rewards which would satisfy the needs that they have individually (Kerr, 2003). Once these needs are expected to be met in return for some specific behaviour or action, they would work more diligently to have that behaviour in them and to achieve that objective (Meyer and Hersovitch, 2001). Since it would lead to early and fuller achievement of the company objectives as the individual would work more diligently, it would lead to better organizational performance (Wiley, 1997). It is important for manager to understand that what motivates the individuals. There are opposite kinds of motivation theories which reveal that individuals are motivated by different factors. For example there is extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation (Amabile, 1993). Extrinsic motivation refers to the motivati on that one has for the extrinsic rewards such as pay, status, power, etc. Then there are intrinsic cause factors such as the chance to exercise ones skills, the opportunity to learn and personal development. Research suggests that various factors motivate employees in a different degree depending on their nature. It would therefore be important for the manager to understand that what are the motivating factors for individual employees and then provide them incentives accordingly so that they can work in a more productive fashion. Once the individuals work with greater excitement and vigour it would automatically lead to better performance.

Comparing the South Beach Diet and Food Pyramid Recommendations :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Comparing the South Beach Diet and Food Pyramid RecommendationsRecently, bare-assed-fangled ideas for diet and weight loss, such as the South Beach low carbohydrate diet, have been replacing the previously chosen ideas, particularly, the Food Pyramid. Both eat patterns recommend consuming larger quantities of some nutrient groups than others, although which groups varies between the diets. The former emphasis on diet and exercise is also beginning to shift with the new diet choices. In previous years to lose weight a psyche was told to eat healthier, lower caloric intake, and exercise more. Many of these advocates promoted the food pyramid. The food pyramid, completed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, recommends 6-11 servings from the bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group, 3-5 servings from the vegetable group, 2-4 servings from the fruit group, 2-3 servings from both the milk, yogurt, and cheese group and the meat, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts group, and fats, oils , and sugars are to be consumed sparingly. Serving sizes butt joint be found on the label of most food products under the Nutrition Facts. Obviously, with the food pyramid, it is recommended that the group with the highest consumption per day should be from the bread, cereal, rice and pasta group, or the foods with the highest portion of carbohydrates. The South Beach diet does not recommend specific quantities of any one group. The diet consists of three physical bodys. Phase one is the strictest phase with a very low intake of carbohydrates. Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta are completely excluded from the diet for twain weeks. Instead, the initial two weeks consists mostly of eating meat, poultry, fish, eggs, cheese, and nuts. Phase two begins by reintroducing good carbs back into the diet. Good carbs include fruits and sparing consumption of whole wheat/grain bread and cereal. Phase two lasts until a person reaches their goal weight. Phase three is a maintenance phase in which a person takes everything they have learned and makes it a lifestyle change. Arthur Agatston, the cardiologist impute with the South Beach diet says that if you crave something in phase three you

The Pros and Cons of Technology :: Pro Con Essays

Many argue that as we venture further into the frontier of technology we proceed with a slow death of society, by losing culture and ultimately a sense of self. To a certain extent this may be true, but realistically if we cease to progress we wont be able to survive. (Robert) The advantages Technology has given us outweigh the disadvantages.There are many examples of advantages and disadvantages some mentioned were Technology has the ability to create shortcuts in working and butt joint make tasks easier also. Solid examples are cars, calculators and phones, through technology life may be faster but is also easier. To further this point a situation brought up by Jo-ann was that diseases we have today would be and could have become epidemics, if it were not for technology existence there in the field of medicine, medical advances would not have happened or would have come years later (Jo-ann). As far as transportation man has come a long charge from horses and coal driven trains to computer navigable and driven cars. In boats crossing the Atlantic it took four to six months, in 747 airliner commercial jets takes ten to fifteen hours (Dana), tear down though they add to the pollution crisis a population accustomed to having these conveniences is still using them regardless. Among other advantages is the fact that with technology communications is a c times faster than without it (Ailua). Before telephones, emails and fax machines, there were trains, carriages and the pony express with the modes of traveling we have now we have been able to make the world little so to speak. With technology we enjoy luxuries such as movies, television, fresh food and refrigerators, ovens to cook on and bake in. And with every advantage that technology gives, it brings along with it a disadvantage we have come to depend on it more and more as we advance in the field. If we didnt have technology we would become dupe to things we were ignorant of. An example would be the bub onic plague in Europe in the sixteen hundreds , they did not have the medical advances that we have to deal with diseases want this to them it was a guessing game. As mentioned before we have technology to be able to find causes and cures. To me, the only real threat that technology poses to mankind is its abilities being used in nuclear and atomic warfare.

Relationships in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire :: Streetcar Named Desire

Relationships in A Streetcar Named Desire In many modern day relationships between a man and a woman, there is usually a controlling figure that is dominant over the other. It may be women over man, man over women, or in what the true definition of a marriage is an equal partnership. In the consort A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Stanley is clearly the more dominant figure over Stella. Throughout the play there are numerous examples of the power he possesses of her. Williams portrays Stella as a little girl who lives around in Stanleys world. She does what he wants, takes his abuse moreover still loves him. Situations likes these may have occurred in the 1950s and lasted, but in todays time this would only end up in a quick divorce. The first scene of the play (pg. 14) Stanley has just thrown a piece of meat up to Stella as he turns the corner heading for the bowl ally. He makes no motion to stop, run up the stairs and explain to his wife whats going on, similar to what would occur in an equal relationship. or else he continues down the street like a boy with no responsibilities. Stella yells, Where are you going, and then asks if she could come to watch, he agrees but doesnt stop to hold back for her. This scene demonstrates how Stella follows Stanley along, and serves him according to what he wishes to do and when he wants to do it. In scene three Stanley is having his poker party (pg. 57). At this point he is in truth drunk. Blanche distracting Stanley by listening to the radio instigates him to grab it off the table and toss it out the window. Stella in a state of panic tells everyone to go home which angers Stanley so he chases after her and hits her. This type of behavior is not normal of any human being involved in any relationship. Stanley repeatedly gets what he wants by use of any means possible. In addition the person whoever threatens the existence of his poker game receives a beating, in this case his wife. This scene demonstrat es Stanleys cloying animal like traits with such violence. If what happened here was repeated in todays society he would find himself in a jail booth with a pending divorce. During the last scene of the play (pg.

Friedrich Wilhelm Murnaus The Last Laugh :: Film Movies

Friedrich Wilhelm Murnaus The Last LaughAbout The Director Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau is one of the most important filmmakers of the cinema during Weimar land period. He is often grouped with Fritz Lang and G.W. Pabst as the big three directors of Weimar Ger manhoody. He finished his political machineeer in Hollywood and was killed at a young bestride in a car crash. Three of his films appear on the greatest films lists of critics and film groups. Even though there seems to be little written nigh him. Early in his career he created one of horror film, Nosferatu (1922) his last film was Tabu (1931), a documentary film in the South Seas. He was one of the pioneers in the technical side of the film industry, experimenting special effects in Nosferatu and Faust and the use of the moving camera in The Last Laugh. But at the same time he was a master storyteller, a director who could describe simple stories with a vast range of emotion and meaning.Plot stocky The old doorma n at the Hotel Atlantis is proud of his job and he does it well (sort of). One day he carries a large suitcase into the lobby. He ineluctably to sit down for a moment what is seen and written down by a young hotel manager. The old man looses his job and is made the toilet man of the hotel. He tries not to show it, precisely he is broken. Now further some kind of wonder can help The film begins a agitate down an open elevator and through the busy lobby of the Hotel Atlantic. The movement continues straight through the hotels revolving doors to rainy outside. The main character is the hotel doorman, a striking but he is old. He is an important person, a respected person. But he is getting older and has trouble lifting a large luggage from a car to the hotel and needs a few minutes to rest. The young hotel manager witnesses this situation and the next day the doorman finds out that he has been replaced by a younger man and demoted to toilet attendant. This demotion leads him to is olation. It comes to the situation where his neighbors and even his own family reject him. Just when things seem as bad as they could get for the doorman, the film presents us with the only upside.

Friedrich Wilhelm Murnaus The Last Laugh :: Film Movies

Friedrich Wilhelm Murnaus The Last LaughAbout The Director Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau is whizz of the most important foolmakers of the cinema during Weimar Republic period. He is often grouped with Fritz Lang and G.W. Pabst as the adult three directors of Weimar Germany. He finished his career in Hollywood and was killed at a late age in a car crash. Three of his films await on the greatest films lists of critics and film groups. Even though there seems to be little create verbally about him. Early in his career he created one of horror film, Nosferatu (1922) his last film was Tabu (1931), a documentary film in the South Seas. He was one of the pioneers in the technical side of the film industry, experimenting special effects in Nosferatu and Faust and the use of the moving camera in The Last Laugh. But at the same time he was a control storyteller, a director who could describe simple stories with a vast range of emotion and meaning.Plot Summary The old doorman at the Hotel Atlantis is proud of his duty and he does it well (sort of). One day he carries a large suitcase into the lobby. He needs to sit d feature for a moment what is seen and written down by a young hotel manager. The old man looses his job and is made the toilet man of the hotel. He tries not to show it, but he is broken. Now only some kind of wonder can help The film begins a trip down an open elevator and through the bad-tempered lobby of the Hotel Atlantic. The movement continues straight through the hotels revolving doors to rainy outside. The main character is the hotel doorman, a striking but he is old. He is an important person, a regard person. But he is getting older and has trouble lifting a large luggage from a car to the hotel and needs a few minutes to rest. The young hotel manager witnesses this situation and the next day the doorman finds out that he has been replaced by a younger man and demoted to toilet attendant. This demotion leads him to isolation. It co mes to the situation where his neighbors and even his own family reject him. Just when things seem as bad as they could get for the doorman, the film presents us with the only upside.

The purpose for the establishment of the ALSTOM

The ALSTOM Power Service was established in 1999 after the merger of the club with ABB. It was started as an independent unit which was expected to run the servicing business of the ALSTOM group, which is base in Paris.The purpose for the establishment of the ALSTOM office staff service was to develop and grocery store the companys service activities for the already installed power generation capacity. The ALSTOM power service was meant to provide a solution for the market demand to service the business within the industry.The principal(prenominal) aim for the segment was to provide service to the existing whole kit and caboodles in order to prolong their service other than installing new plants in the process of optimizing maintenance and enhancing plant efficiency, and this accounted for about 35% of the demand of the power industry.The ALSTOM started as a segment of the ALSTOM group which was intended to provide service to the industry and it did this by compounding the ex isting company distributed service departments and dedicated distinct resources and its management towards developing as a service business, however it was not autonomous until 2003 when it was guaranteed its autonomy. The segment started with a labour force of more than 10000 employees worldwide in various local units of which all were inherited from the ALSTOM group.Question wiz Critical analysis of the industryALSTOM power service operate in the power industry where its provide service to the power industry. The business of ALSTOM power service heavily depend on the trading operations of the manufacturing company in the industry and in this case they are expected to orient themselves of how the plants which have been installed by the manufacturers perform their functions in order to provide the service of supplying parts and also doing the repair in prolonging the service of the plants. It should get updated on a day to day technological changes that happens in the mother plant manufactures so as to stay relevant in the marketQuestion Two The steerership, organisational structure and cultural issues in ALSTOM power service i) Leadership issues.The leadership of the company was found on promotions where an individual was to work at a lower post, and later promoted to higher ranks after the mastery of the companys operations and the requirement of the industry.Walter Granicher was given the responsibility to lead the company based on the ground that he had worked within the industry since 1976 till 1999 when he was given the leadership of the ALSTOM power service. This is a good system for ensuring efficiency because conclusivenesss making will be make by persons with a more understanding of the industry requirements and also with the understanding of the organisations culture (Hatch, 2006).This kind of leadership can however be perceived as the most appropriate in maintaining the companys culture but it is limited to the reason that the companys cult ure might not be the best, thus it will be locking the company to new cultures which could have otherwise been introduced into the company if the company could have taken a leader from outside the company in the process of encouraging diversity of culture.The decision making of the segment was not done solely done by one person, that is Walter but rather in conjunction with other handlers working in specialized divisions within the segment.This scenario enabled effective decision making because each and every manager had a role to play in the making of a joint decision where Walter can be perceived as the coordinator of all the decision that were made within the segment (Mullins 2005).This is no like in the situation where decision making is done one leader in the organisation with inadequate culture about the operation of each division in the segment. The single minded decision making exposes an organisation to the risk of making a wrong decision which might cripple the organisat ions performance than when the decision is made jointly by involving a wide range of participants with varied experiences.

Does the Internet Have a Negative Effect on Youth or Does Its Use Need to Be Monitored More Essay

Does the internet be possessed of a negative issuance on early days or does its using up need to be monitored more?The Internet has become a major part of everyday life for most Ameri rouses especi completelyy todays youth but some say that internet has a negative effect on youth more than a positive one. The question is ar all of the effects of the internet negative? The internet is used by most youth for entertainment, to find information and to connect with people. Unfortunately while the internet cease be useful it has been known to cause negative effects on children. favorable networking sites are very popular among todays youth. In modern forms cyber bullying has become a trend among youth because of the internet. at that present are also cases that youth have been exposed to inappropriate websites while on the internet and it had a negative effect on them. The internet has been known to cause a negative effect on youth but it can be prevented if their internet use is monitored. Social networking websites that are popular on the internet Twitter, MySpace, face book and YouTube. It is said by some that youth drop dead more succession on websites like these than studying and doing their homework.While most of the young people in the study got good grades, 47 percent of the heaviest media users, those who consumed at least 16 hours a day, had in general Cs or lower, compared with 23 percent of those who typically consumed media three hours a day or less(prenominal) (New York Times). Some youth can spend all day on social networking sites. Often times social networking sites can also become a distraction to youth. Most youth would much rather get on face book or twitter than study or write a paper. Most of the time youth can begin writing a paper but end up spending hours on face book. Social networking sites also have been known to cause children to be kidnapped or raped. Because of the amount of information that can be put on these sites it i s easy for them to be tracked. There have also been cases where youth have chatted someone under the impression that they were someone else. There have been several cases where children have been harmed because someone found them on social networking site. This can only be prevented if youth internet is monitored. So it seems that social networking sites can only have a negative effect if the time they spend on social networks is not be monitored correctly. Cyber bullying is another negative effect from the internet.Cyber bullying is using the Internet tosend or status texts or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person. It has been said that forty-three percent of teens have been victimized by cyber-bullying in the last year (ncpc.org).Cyber-bullying is a result of youth being mad at another peer or just trying to have fun. Cyber-bullying has been said to cause belief and sometimes even suicide among youth. It has become a major problem among youth in recent years. A lo t of the time cyber bullying takes place on sites like twitter, face book and sometimes even YouTube. There have been cases all over the news where youth have said that they became down(p) because of cyber-bullying.Most youth who have participated in cyber bullying thought that it was funny and not realized that it would have a negative effect on the victim. There have been steps taken to try to prevent cyber-bullying but there are still some cases where it is still happening. Cyber-bullying can be prevented if the internet use is being monitored. Almost eighty percent of teens said they did not have rules for the internet or that it was not monitored. While browsing the internet the youth can be exposed to a lot of inappropriate websites that most would agree they shouldnt be exposed to. Twenty five percent of youth had unwanted video to sexual pictures on the internet in the past year, challenging the prevalent assumption that the problem is primarily about young people motivate d to actively seek out pornography according to youth and society (Protectkids.com).One quarter of these youth were upset by being exposed to pornography. In other cases when youth are exposed to pornography they become interested and begin watching it regularly. According to one study, when youth under fourteen years of age are exposed to pornography it is related to greater involvement in deviant sexual practice, particularly rape (protectkids.com).It has also been said that because pornography encourages sexual behavior without responsibility it endangers childrens health. If a child were to see porn he/she may think that is okay to have unprotected sex which could then crown to stds and unplanned pregnancy( protectkids,com ). Although porn can and has had negative effects on children it has been said that porn does not always have negative effects on children. Some children are exposed and it has no effect at all. In the end it seems that it may depend on the child if it has a negative effect or not. It also seems that the only way that this can be prevented is if their internet use is monitored.There are strategies thatcan be taken to do this (Council). It seems to be proven that the internet can in fact have a negative effect on youth. Social networking sites can cause youth grades to drop. Cyber-bullying mostly takes place on the internet and it cause youth to become depressed. Youth can be exposed to several inappropriate websites which can damage their incoming development. The internet can be a very useful tool for youth to have access to but it can also have a very negative impact on youth if it is not monitored correctly. To ensure that the internet does not harm our youth in negative way parents/guardians essential monitor their childrens internet use.

Deloneys view of age Essay

The word age is in like manner paired with the adjective ill-humored, until now the word youth is not attached to any word and seems almost totally separate. Youth seems quite isolated from the word age and could stand for how nowadays parents and sisterren are quite segregated from each other. As surface as the word being isolated, it seems to be independent, as it is not relying on an adjective to describe itself.Following onto the point of where I had written that parents and small fryren are isolated from one another, this is behavely demonstrated to us in Romeo and Juliet, throughout the play, as well as in crabbed age and youth, when it is written that they cannot live together. The isolation amongst a parent and child, can be explicit due to the fact that these two humans are both from different generations, and bind been brought up to have different opinions, or in some cases, completely contrasting opinions and as a consequence have little or nothing in common.F or example in Follower we are not aware of any similarities between the father and son, however the fact that the verb stumble appears twice and that both the father and the son have experienced it, suggests that this is the only thing of which they have in common. Another example is in Romeo and Juliet where we see at the beginning of the play Capulet displaying a willingness to become a better parent as he attempts to understand Juliets thoughts and emotions by saying to Paris that Juliet is too ripe to be a bride. This portrays to us a parent who is willing to change their stimulate opinion in a matter.in the Elizabethan era it was considered normal for a 14 year old to be married and expecting children, which is made clear to us when Paris says to Capulet younger than she (Juliet) are happy mothers made, to which Capulet answers by saying that young mothers are too soon marrd. By defend his and his daughters actions, shows him to be a protective father. There is no doubt that along the path of parenthood there will be clashes between a parent and child, of which the child or parent feels that they cannot live together, due to different factors, the most prominent of which is a severe clash of opinions.We bash not to take the line cannot live together literally, because Deloney is talking about the two opinions of the youth and the old and how they are so severely differentiated, almost contradictory. I translate this stanza to mean that the two opinions are so contradictory that neither can win the argument. I can refer this to the poem Catrin, in which Gillian Clarke talks about a red rope of love which represents the bond that a parent and child have.To demonstrate how contradictory these 2 opinions are, Deloney offers us a commixture of antithesis, such as Youth like summer Age like winter, Youth is hot Age is Cold. The roles in this parent child relationship are clear to us Capulet even tells us that he thinks of Juliet as a whining mammet. A mamm et is a prick, and so obviously a puppet indispensablenesss a puppeteer, and due to how Capulet acts in this scene, it is evident that he is the puppeteer. This hierarchy of a parent and child is also shown in Follower, when Heaney describes his father to be a full sail strung and that horses strained at his clicking tongue.By saying that even horses strained at his clicking tongue shows how much violence and authority his father had he had to do such little, to get the horses to do a lot of work. The fact that an animal listens to him, demonstrates just how powerful he is. Deloney also thinks that age and youth are completely opposite by saying age like winter weather Youth like summer tolerate. By using two completely opposite seasons of the year, Deloney is also pointing out that parents and children are also completely opposite.For example it is hot in summer and dusty in winter, it cannot be hot in winter and cold in summer, however when we get too hot, we invite for it t o be cooler and when we are cold, we wish for it to be hot. Similarly, when we are old we desire to be young, and when we are young we wish to be older or you could say when children are in need of parents, they may not be here, but that when they are here, you do not need them vice versa. If we were to interpret this to fit the role of a parent child relationship then we would say that when as children we become older and our parents eventually die, suddenly we seem to miss them immensely.So by using antithesis, the poet is basically sex act us that once a parent or child is deceased, we learn how much we appreciated them. I feel it is a shame that we only illuminate things like this once it has been taken from us. This is shown in Romeo and Juliet when Capulet discovers that his daughter has apparently died from depression, he feels overwhelmed and his true feelings for Juliet are revealed as he says with my child are my joys buried, however when she was alive (in act 3 scene 5) , he did not seem to care if she were to die in the streets.

Symbols in Digging by Seamus Heaneypoem

In the poem Digging, Seamus Heaney explores the differences between generations of men in his family by means of retracing the past. It is a poem of love and respect for the achievements of his cause and grand initiate as a digger, but at the same time comparing the traditional occupation to his own way of digging as a writer. Heaney expresses a sense of closing off and resemblance he feels toward his family by using significant symbols throughout the poem.In the first stanza, Heaney introduces the readers to his pen, which he is content to hold as he finds a sense of belonging and comfort. The pen is described as a weapon, snug as a gun (2), this gives the impression that the pen fits naturally in his hands and symbolizes a form of protection from the criticisms about his choice of being a writer. His decision creates a form barrier or isolation between Heaney and his father, as implied when Heaney observes his father digging through a window.The plane of glass stands in as a phy sical separation between father and son, yet it also corresponds to the psychological barrier that built up in their relationship when Heaney decides to follow his dream as a writer. In order to do so, he must break away from the familys traditional means of earning a living, just like how a spade makes a curt cuts/through living roots(26-27). Even though Heaney chooses not to become a digger, he still finds a sense of resemblance between the two frigid occupations.Heaney recognizes that his skill with a pen is compatible to his forefathers skill with a spade, as he suggests his pen symbolizes a spade to which he can dig with it(31). Heaney is, in his form of digging, always searching for topics or good materials that can make his pieces unique and meaningful, just like how his grandfather continued going cut down and down for the good turf as he digs (23-24).

Character Analysis of Rose Essay

August Wilsons Fences is a story of an African American family, primarily relate around troy Maxson and his difficulties as a black man in a predominantly white society. The story focuses on some(prenominal) themes and puts an emphasis on the familys between troy and his family. As the story revolves around Troy, we see that many of the decisions he made start to affect those around him and the relationships of his friends, family, and loved ones slowly disintegrate. maven of the most prominent relationships that were destroyed was the marriage between Troy Maxson and his wife arise Maxson. Loving, caring and under baulking, flush in August Wilsons Fences is a fictitious character that lives a strong woman for her family despite the issues in her household. With Rose in Fences, she is a mother that exhibits strength and sacrifice, as she puts her own needs aside for the well-being of her family. As the play moves forward we see that Troys decisions concerning marriage, infi delity, and family slowly shatters the relationship with Rose and directly affects her role as a housewife, mother, and woman.In the beginning of Fences, Rose is identified as Troys wife as her devotion to him stems from her recognition of the possibilities of her without him, (Kirszner and Mandell 1114). present she introduced during the conversation between Troy and Bono and states that without Troy, Rose wouldnt pretend what she does now and she would be leading a worse life which she similarly recognizes. 1 Based on her introduction alone, her identity stems from the item that she is married to Troy. During this time Rose, as a character, is not seen for her character traits or personality, yet she is already given the label of housewife. This label is further built by the introduction of Act 1, Scene 2 where the scene begins with Rose hanging clothes and singing softly to herself. After she sees Troy, she follows up with Morning, You ready for breakfast? I can fix it soon as I finish hanging up these clothes? (Kirszner and Mandell 1122). In this scene, she is shown as the regular housewife grooming food, doing laundry, etc. Her role and identity here is defined by her marriage with Troy through her actions and dialogue as she is expected to play her role as the wife and typically cook food forthe family while tending to other household chores. As the play moves forward, Rose maintains the static role of housewife despite Troys treatment towards Cory and actions of infidelity.Infidelity, adultery, extramarital sex, unfaithfulness, cheating. These actions are all of the same and are all abhorred. In marital relationships, it is commonly assumed that both partners remain exclusive although this is not always met. So when Rose comes to find out that her husband, Troy, has been cheating on her and his mistress is now pregnant, she is absolutely devastated. The marriage between Rose and Troy has been destroyed. After this, Roses role as a woman and wife s tart to connect. In Act Two, when confronting Troy, Rose talks or so her life and marriage as she compares it to planting when she says I took all my feelings, my wants and needs, my dreams and I buried them inside you . . . I planted myself inside you and waited to bloom. And it didnt take me no eighteen years to find out the soil was hard and rocky and it wasnt never gonna bloom. But I held on to you, Troy. I held you tighter. You was my husband. (Kirszner and Mandell 1147). When Rose told Troy that she took her feelings, wants, needs and dreams and 2 buried them inside him, she was telling him that shed given her life for their marriage and their family. She put his needs and the needs of their children consistently over hers. Here it is understood that Rose sacrificed herself and her identity for the sake of marriage. But as she noted, there was never a bloom. In Roses day and age, it was uncommon for women to stand up for themselves. When she found that her husband had impregn ated Alberta, she told him that she would no yearlong live with him as his wife with But you a womanless man, (Kirszner and Mandell 1151) and they lived separate lives. When Alberta died, Rose adopted Troys daughter as her own, and took care of her, only allowing Troy to provide for them as Rose ended up accepting the role of mother.After the affair and the comport of Raynell, Roses role as a mother will stay static. She will still care for and nurture Raynell. But before that happens, many aspects of herself change. During this time, we start to seeRose waver from the role of housewife and begin to identify as a woman and a person herself. When Rose stands up to Troy, her identity as a wife starts to diminish. Rose tells Troy, And you know I aint never wanted no half nothing in my family. My whole family is half. Everybody got different fathers and mothers my two sisters and my brother. Cant hardly tell whos who. Cant never sit down and talk intimately Papa and Mama. Its your pa pa and your mama and my papa and my mama. (Kirszner and Mandell 1145). At this point, we start viewing Rose for her beliefs and see her as a person not Troys wife. We see that she had needs and wants as well. Rose wanted family and she wanted to keep her family together, which was torn apart after Troys affair. This affair also helps her identify more as an independent woman now. Following the affair, Rose becomes cold towards Troy as she tells him that Your dinners on the stove. All you have to do is heat it up, and then leaves the house to do what she wants. Troy is asking questions here, but not receiving answers as his wife leaves.In Fences, Roses relationship with Troy diminishes with every decision that he imparts. These decisions start to affect the characters and change their roles in the household. Rose stays as a mother, but is no longer a wife. She becomes her own person, with beliefs, and starts thinking of herself. She makes a stand for herself and her family and reali zed where she went wrong in her marriage after Troys death. She told Cory that shed made the wrongdoing of not making Troy think of her. When your daddy walked through the house he was so big he filled it up. That was my first mistake. Not to make him leave some room for me, (Kirszner and Mandell 1160). Rose gave up love for comfort as she followed up with But at that time I wanted that. I wanted a house that I could sing in. And thats what your daddy gave me, (Kirszner and Mandell 1160) and soon her identity was established after their marriage as wife because thats what life offered me in a way of being a woman, (Kirszner and Mandell 1160). Based on her needs, wants, and beliefs, Rose could have been her own person from the beginning. But she didnt do that she married Troy to become wife and mother. For her then, her marriage with Troy was her entire identity. But afterwards Troys decisions for his family and himself helped make Rose develop into a more rounded character.

Main HRM procedures that have contributed to the success of a company Essay

Google has use HRM procedures that have contri besidesed to the success of the smart set. Google is a website company that totallyows visitors to search for whatever culture they collect at the click of a mouse. Google was able to attract the high hat talents. Most of its employees were Intelligent stack The founders, Larry Page an Sergei Brin were both computer science graduates. They bought gargantuan terabyte memory disk to hide their data. The following paragraphs explain in detail how Googles HRM policies were instrumental in having a zero percent employee swage for.Also, the next part explains the nuances of transfigure to the organization and its employees. Both Larry and Sergei established a company where employees would have a fun place to cypher in. The offices were decorated with lava lamps and multi-coloured with bright colors of the Google Logo, In fact, the employees were allowed to bring their pets to their workplace. The employees were given free snacks, lunch an dinner made by chef Charlie Ayers. In addition, they Google office snack rooms include a variety of cereals, gumi bears, cashew nuts. These were complemented with a variety of fruit juices, soda and cappuccino.Likewise, there were sports facilities like table tennis, a pool table and a scroll skating hockey. The company had regular roller skater hockeys with its employees. Further, there were other physical activity facilities like the work -out gym, a variety of video games. Both Larry and Sergei implemented the open conference method within the organization. All its employees could freely talk directly with their managers or top level officers anytime. The employees were encouraged to eat at the company cafeteria so that they could mingle and make friends with other employees of the company.Larry and Sergei believes that allowing the employees around 20% of their time doing projects that they chose make the employees feel important and independent minded. In addition, t he employees would discuss any and all topics whether relating to their work in Google or just simply trivial things during their lunch breaks in the Google cafeteria. The serious topics discussed in the Google canteen during their lunch breaks include topics on how to get wise the competitors, the employees were grouped into teams where the leadership rotates among its members.The employees had every right to fix things if anything goes wrong without having to pass through the red tape that other companies The motto that Larry and Sergei instituted to the employees is that you are the boss, Dont wait to take the hill. Dont wait to be managed. Both Larry and Sergei offered big mouth watering incentives for people who want to work in Google that included Hot award winning technology, intelligent, fun, high energy teammates, Great culture and amazing perks that include massage therapy and free all you can eat snacks.Employees were likewise backed by two VCs and they had free foodie lunches served daily, start up environment with excellent benefits, stock options where the employees could buy stocks and become one of the many owners of Google. The employees were likewise given ample work above average work stations. The company is strategically located in Silicon Valley in the United States. champion enticing message that google says when it invites smart students from top universities to work for them is that their ideas allow for help make a difference in this world. Google hires employees with diverse skills and qualities.The company sought employees that had freehanded knowledge and expertise in computer science and mathematics. Also, employees that were hired had to be world class programmers. In addition, its employees had to be excellent in terms of communication as well as organizational skills. The employees had to be passionate with their work and are great colleagues. Also, the employees chosen to work in Google had to be at succor working in a high energy, unstructured environment on a very small project team to create amazing products for people using Google every day.Also, the employees had to have diverse interests and skills. In addition, hiring an estimated thirty percent of the entire Google work force on a contractual basis thereby is saving the company in terms of fringe benefits expenses. Google placed their wanted employees ads in theatres only. In addition, Google asks their employees to recommend their relatives and friends to work in Google. Fifty percent of the spick-and-span employees were recommended by Google employees. For, each employee leave alone be given $2,000 for each employee admitted into the company that were recommended by them.In addition, the serviceman Resource Department contacted the University Professors to give them the names of their vanquish and brightest students for possible hiring in Google. Likewise, Google organized program contests with prizes that reach $15,000 in order to tap the best minds in the programming industry. This included the Code Jam programming contests. The above are only some of the reasons why there is a zero turnover of employees in Google. Need theories. The human resource department m honest-to-goodnessiness place emphasis on developing a scholarship culture in its employees.It means that the employees would attend human resource department sponsored seminars on registering how best to accomplish ones job tasks. For, there is an increasing need for employees to learn new regale of doing their jobs. In short, there is an increasing need for good mental functioning that includes both intellect achievement and emotional stability in terms of job performance. For, as members of the workforce become to a greater extent educated and more mature, there is a need for more information to be used in decision making in terms of passing game the company benchmarks.For Human resource theory here shows that the learning culture of the emplo yees will promote the concept that the employees can expect to work in a small problem solving team that will produce high quality products in less time possible. Meaning, the company that rewards its employees for their innovations and creativity is the organization that will stand whereas all their competitors have dissolved( Gayle, 1990) . Many Human Resource specialists today will value the well trained nerve center aged worker but will view the employees ability to perform more.For, terminations are costly alternatives because the human resource department has to spend time and money training the newcomer employees that have will replace the terminated old employees. Companies spend lots of money on the training of new employees or the retraining of old employees on new company processes. For, human resource specialists are facing personal demands that could impede the employees work performance or impair the organizations progress. Thus, human resource specialists will need skills to provide rehabilitation of employees who need them.This can be accomplished through the teamwork of all departments in the entire organization. For, as the worlds sparing evolves, the organization moldiness keep up with the competition. This can be done by continuously changing how products are produced in the company. Basically, the company must feed what the customer wants. Meaning, as the customers wants changes, the company must change its products to fill the new needs of the customers. In this regard, the middle aged employee is continually bombarded with new ways of producing finished goods.The old employees must either keep in step or be retrenched. For the current economy is world based and borderless. The human resource department must train the old employees how to be cope with the information overload that affects his work. For efficient productivity and run low decision will be needed to compete in the international economy. Thus, the Human resource departmen t must address such issues as training, rewarding, stinting security, task design, job responsibility, employee benefits, retirements and others.This is brought about by the new automation and new technology of the twenty first century (Waskel 1991, 16) The human resource department must be more serious today in their recruitment and retaining of key employees. Mortorola used the production data of each employee as a basis for the retaining or retrenchment of employees. For, Motorolas theory is to spend as little as possible on its employees ( Henkoff 1991, 76). In hiring a new employee, an applicant could be given an on the job simulation and asks what he or she could do to improve the current workplace situation.Also, many managers select a prospective employee based on predetermined by Work descriptions. Further, the companies must recruit the best from many applicants for a job. This is the process used by Merck and Hewlett Packard (Denton 1992, 14) Job design theories. Many Hum an Resource people despite the definitions of the functions to represent the ordinality, the ordinality of this scale does not work well as the things and the data scales. For there are two qualitatively unalike types of interpersonal relationships represented in the scale of subjective and objective.There are self serving helping, coaching, treating and mentoring functions that express an emphatic, caring dimension in an in testis and formal work environment (Fine, and Cronshaw 1999, 48). Goal setting, The employees are currently graded based on a benchmark commonly termed as goal setting. And, all employees work towards a common goal which is the reaching of the organization benchmark. This benchmark boils down to generating profits. In this regard, employees may be enticed to buy shares of stocks in the company so that they will feel that they are employees as well as owners.Also, many employees work advance at achieving goals if they are educated or trained on how best to acco mplish their jobs. Also, better goal setting will result to goal achievement if communication and feedback freely flows from subordinate to human resource department as well as the employees head (Thomas, and Maxwell 2001, 47). Leadership theories Employees who are hardcore to their company usually lead the other employees to be more loyal to the company through example (hard work, overtime, achieving of production benchmarks) These leaders believe in the philosophy and benchmark of the organization.These leaders believe that they see performance as an province in order for the entire organization to succeed. Employee attachment to such leaders will translate to commitment to the organization. (Grant 1990, 57). Organizational change comes in terms of cultural, structural, design of jobs, demonstration of new working practices, changes to grading and remuneration systems and changes to the modes of control. Also, different organizations have different intensities and time lines f or these changes (Preece, Steven, and Steven 1999, 67) .Change occurs when the way things are done have been replaced by a new company process. Change should be done if the change will give added advantage to the company. A very strong reason to change to a new process is when the new machine bought produces more goods than the current machines used. Likewise, change should immediately be implemented if the company feels that the new machine or process produces better quality goods than the current machine used.Change can be done by first making a feasibility battleground as to whether the new process or machine will be more advantageous to the company than the current machines or processes are doing. Normally, many of the old employees would fight any changes to be implemented by the company. For change brings with it the learning of new ways of doing things. On the other hand, the younger employees would love the new process or machine because it brings with it a new working envi ronment. The young employees can easily learn new tricks and processes.Naturally, the new machine will cause mazed of jobs because the people used to working to the replaced machines will have the same job. To deal with this, the company could retrench these old employees and pay them a separation pay. However, a better way would be to transfer these jobless employees to another(prenominal) department in the company to do another job type. This is good if the employee can easily learn the new job. In addition change can be smoothly implemented with the use of Total Quality Management and re engineering introduction (Olson, and Eoyang 2001, 19).The conclusion is very positive. Googles, founders Larry and Sergei were very instrumental in creating a zero percent employee turnover. Some of the reasons for this remarkable feat is the companys free gourmet lunches and snacks, a free time for recreation activities and other fringe benefits. Also, The HRM must guide the old employees as th ey choose between retrenchment or reassignment to another job. For, nothing is constant but change. For, a company must innovate in order to keep up with the competition.

Differences between Northern Renaissance Art and Italian Renaissance Art Essay

?There are many differences in the midst of Northern renaissance maneuver and Italian renaissance craft. They are quite different. While Italian renaissance art tended to show the body in an idealistic way, Northern renaissance art hid the body. The art was very realistic, but pallium hid the body in a medieval fashion. That makes one major difference between the two Italian was mere and Northern was medieval. Northern art had an immense amount of symbols in it. A good example of Northern art is the Merode Altarpiece, painted by Robert Campin in 1425-1428.In this piece, there is an incredible amount of symbolism, it is painted in a medieval style (drapery hides the body, etc. ), theres a tremendous amount of percentage point put into it, and perhaps one of the most defining features of it is that it has got the patron in it. Since it was commissioned by someone besides the perform, they wanted to be put in the piece of art that they paid to be painted. The patrons of the alta rpiece appear on the far left side, as if they were part of the scene itself.Now we have Italian renaissance art. Some defining characteristics of it are that it is very classical (drapery tends to cling to the body, revealing the perfection of all the idealized bodies), they used plenty of linear situation (whereas Northern art was more medieval, so they didnt much care for that), they liked using illusions in their mold, and they didnt have patrons in their work because the church usually commissioned all the art. Botticellis Birth of Venus is a good example of Italian renaissance art.It not only has tons of drapery clinging to the females bodies, but it also has a nude person, common in classical art. This piece shows no particular patron, and so we can take aim that it was commissioned by the church. One work of art commissioned by a patron is the Merode Altarpiece. Since this is a triptych, it has three panels. The patrons, that are identifiable as bourgeoisie from nearby M echelen, appear in the left panel (the female donor and the servant in that panel appear to have been added later by a different painter once it was completed).Since the patrons wanted to be in it, it had to be modified from the original. A peculiar example of patrons being in a work of Italian renaissance art is the Adoration of the Magi, painted by Sandro Botticelli in 1476, and commissioned by the Medici family. The Medici family was a pretty huge deal back then. Therefore, if they wanted to be in a painting, they would be in a painting. Botticelli painted many members of this high-class family in this work of Italian renaissance art.Yet other example of patrons in a work of art is Hugo van der Goess Portinari Altarpiece, painted in 1475. It is another triptych, so it is divided in three. The difference between this one and the earlier one is that instead of having the patrons on just one side, they are on both sides of the piece, as if they were watching it. It is very medieval . The patrons in this come out to almost be a part of what is happening, but they dont seem connected.

Doing Homework Via Internet Essay

Have you ever done your grooming without handling all pen or paper? This is extremely doable, thanks to the rapid growth of internet. Internet is a engineering science that allows citizens slow access or get information from all around the world regardless of home and cartridge holder. Internet has dominated the business and communication bea. Indeed, nowa sidereal days most of citizens build a network and business, food market their product or service, and do online transaction in the internet. Likewise, internet begins to penetrate into education area.People today, particularly students, weed do their homework online by using internet, namely, they are using online naming. It is kind of homework for students which is uploaded by teachers in the internet, and students strike to do it online before the deadline. Online assignments popularity increased day by day due to its benefits for educational institutions. There are respectively two benefits of using online assignmen t for twain students and teachers. To trip with, there are two benefits of using online assignment for students. First, online assignment increases students intellegence.Online assignment allows more practice questions that can be used for exam preparation. It encourages students to stay focus on the course material. While students are doing the online assignment, they are provided with a number of attempts to submit their answers and immediate feedback. Students can master the course material by unendingly trying to find the way to solve the questions and correcting their own mistakes. This process is splendidly helpful in shining the students brain and increasing their intellegence. Secondly, online assignment improves students chance of success. It encourages students to find more material online.Students can access assorted sources on the web. Online assignment also provides a video chitchat and flash animations which display some principles and lay down how they are app lied. Students can find alot of different type of questions that they cannot find in the book. These features can enable students to easily achieve their goal to fully understand the course materials. Besides, nowadays most of students are smart in using technology devices such as mobile phone and laptop. Therefore, by setting up students homework accessible in their devices will increase their interest in learning.That is, online assignment will also leave in students motivation for the lessons in general. In addition, there are two more benefits of using online assignment for teachers. First, online assignment provides teachers with less work. The process of collecting and grading homework assignment is easier for teachers. Especially for larger classroms, it saves time and energy. Teachers no longer have to spend a lot of hours for grading and correcting homework. Thus, teachers can put more their time into other activities such as extending their office hours for more personal contact with their students.Secondly, online assignment provides an trice feedback for teachers. Teachers can observe the difficult or easy questions for students. They can evaluate the weakness and strengths of their students, which allows teachers to prepare their lecture course material accordingly. For example, thanks to the feedback they get, they may give more time in explaining the problematic units in a more detailed way and can assign some more assignments to ensure that students have comprehended the problematic units.To sum up, since the changing prospect of internet, online assignment has started to play a role in the educational institutions. Online assignment improves students understanding of the course material, which also helps them to get higher test scores. Furthermore, it saves time and energy, which stand for gives teachers more time to prepare their lecture in explaining the problematic units. Thus, it is clear then, online assignment has great benefits for b oth students and teachers. It is reasonable to expect that soon that online assignment will be used by all educational institutions in the world for the better future of education.

My reasons for applying for admission to Cerritos College

My start, a CEO of a mid-sized logistics company in southbound Korea, has always stressed the importance of receiving a trusty education to me. After graduating from high school he did not to go to college because he wanted to earn by building his own small business, quite of spending money on college tuition.For the first few years, his business seemed to run satisfactorily. However, he had a backbreaking time in managing his business with the lack of education he received. Whenever he had to wee some of the essence(p) decisions in operating business he realized that he was not competent enough to make smart and sound decisions.Eventually, his first small logistics business failed. This was a major turning point for my father. He immediately enrolled in college with a major in Business Administration. After graduating and armed with a degree, my father felt empowered with the education he received and set off to try his hand on fulfilling his goals in business. His present su ccess proves that a college education really makes a difference.My inspiration is to become a CEO of a company like my father. My father encouraged me to study in the United States, where the timberland of education is high and where most of the famous and successful CEOS of big corporations have received their education.For one to dream big, one has to start with small steps. Thus, my short-term goal is to be accepted intoCerritos College and receive both serious grades and experience cultural diversity. My mid-term goal is to transfer to Stanford University after completingan associatedegree at Cerritos College. Lastly, fit an influentialCEO of a big company is my long-term goal.Recalling the phrase I read from prudence section of the newspaper, To become a successful CEO ofa companythe person has to be good at reservationdecisions, both fast and reasonable decisions.Ialready proved that I have an refined potentialin becoming a successful CEO of a companyby making the right decision and that ischoosing Cerritos College, the ideal place to equip myself withlots of knowledge and valuable experience which be core requisites for accomplishing my dream.

Comlaw Aropa Assignment Essay

Question 1Offer is an expression of willingness to enter into a de jure binding contract on the terms proposed once the offer is accepted. This letter is an offer since the terms proposed atomic number 18 complete and it is communication to the offeree. The letter was definitely sent to Andrew by mistake since the company makes this offer just to their regular customers and to those who have signed long term supply contract. Andrew did non satisfy both these conditions. consort to the case of McMahon v Gilberd & Co, the reward for each returned soft drink nursing bottle is made to their customer solitary(prenominal). Technically, the bottle dealer is not their customer and therefore the case was invalid. In conclusion, although Andrew replied to the offer before the deadline, the company has no legal obligation to supply Andrew.Question 2In this situation, Sarah has met the term of the offer as she has evince willingness to enter into a legally binding contract. The reply fr om Sarah shows that she allotd to accept the offer for 300 tonnes. Her betoken to collect the fertilizers in early October is merely a request for information since she is willing to pay for the delay. It is not a counter offer by Sarah as she is willing to collect the fertilizers if the company does not agree to her request. Therefore, the offer is still valid as she was only requesting for more information. Similarly, in the case of Stevenson v McLean, the plaintiffs cable was only a request for information and is not a counter offer. Thus, the offeror has legal obligation to sell to the plaintiff since he has accepted the offer via post. The email sent by the company to Sarah on 21 July to revoke the offer is invalid because she has already accepted the offer. Revocation of offer can only be done before the communication of acceptance by the offeree. The method of reply used by Sarah through email is valid as long as it is not less advantageous to the offeror although the offe r was sent via post. In conclusion, the company has the legal obligation to supply fertilizers to Sarah since her acceptance of offer is valid.

Importance of Time in Chinese Culture Essay

The importance of age is always dependent on the different perspectives of peoples origin, particularly socialisation. Time is 1 of the close to essential bases by which culture rests and all other activities revolve (Riggs et al 31). Different cultures handle period differently. In the past, clip was measured in daylight, darkness, or in seasons however, nowadays, time has become more important and more complicated. Yet, no matter how complicated it has become, it always boils down to the influence of culture, just like China, one of the countries with a very rich culture.The impact of modernization in China on the changes of Chinese sort is significant. However, these changes in their behavior have had a more significant impact on their values. Indeed, Chinese see to have never given up one of their most important cultural characteristics, Guanxi, which up until now, ashes as an important Chinese business element. In the advent of globalization, Chinese has kept and rein forced this comical characteristic even in the most important socio-cultural changes.Yes, China has indeed undergone substantial cultural changes nonetheless, with regards to the sentiment and dealing process, modern China remains rooted to its traditional Yin Yang approach, and this is reflected on their shrewd use of time to keep their relationship intact. Because Chinese people value relationship more than anything else, as they believe that this could tone down them to success, it is logical to expect that the Chinese society concentrates on fluid/multi-focus time value.Chinese people be both famous and infamous in different negotiations for their wise use of time as their negotiate tool. Chinese are slamn to have adept ability to run down the clock because they prioritise their relationships with their associates or business partners first. This way, they know that the value of relationship or guanxi continues. Moreover, Chinese can afford or stand to play the waiting gam e, provided that there is always someone left to invest and spend for them. Cultures around the world have developed their own way of responding to time.The dimension for time orientation is based on two aspects the relative significance the culture gives to its past, present, and future tense, and its way of approaching the time. China has indeed embraced globalization since the pass away three decades. Despite this, its stronghold to its culture is still very evident. This is because China is considered as a past-oriented culture country. Countries that fall under this category have a culture that is largely leaned towards the past they see their future as a repetition of their past experiences.Moreover, they have high respect and regard for their collective historical experiences and their ancestors. As per David Thomas description of the country, China embraces its tradition and culture of ancestor worship and has strong pluck of its customary and cultural persistence for ov er thousands of years (73). The Chinese society holds the perspective that their past is their attract on how to live their lives in the present. According to an old Chinese proverb, Consider the past and you will know the present (Quotations).Work Cited Riggs, James, et al. Industrial Organization and Management. Manila, Philippines McGraw-Hill, Inc. , 1980. Lo, Vincent. Chinese transaction Culture Guanxi, An Important Chinese Business Element. 17 March 2005. 01 May 2009 Thomas, David. Cross-Cultural Management Essential Concepts Second Ed. California Sage Publications. 2008. Quotations. 14 February 2008. 01 May 2009.

Chesapeake Energy Corporation

Chesapeake Energy potbelly stove (NYSE CHK), headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, owns 1.1 trillion cubic feet equivalent (tcfe) of proved oil colour and petroleous state reserves, one of the largest inventories of inshore U.S. indwelling torpedo Chesapeake yearbook Report, 1998, p. 1. Recently, Chesapeake finished the transformation from an aggressive explo dimensionn comp both cogitate on developing short-reserve life, to a visit-risk, longer reserve life natural waste producer.Chesapeakes trading ope dimensionns atomic number 18 focus on developmental drilling and producing property acquisitions. These operations argon concentrated in three major aras the Mid-continent, the onshore Gulf of Mexico and far northeastern British Columbia, Canada Chesapeake Annual Report, 1998, p. 1.Aubrey K. McClendon is Chesapeakes prexy of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director. Tom L. ward is the President, Chief Operating Officer and Director. McClendon met cofounder Tom Ward in the 1980s. Both were in open oil producers they aggrouped up in 1983 Morgenson, p. 2. They each have more(prenominal) than 16 years of let in the oil and natural gas sedulousness. All other members of the management team have multiple years of experience in the industry.Chesapeake has concentrated on expanding its holdings in natural gas since the companions incorporation in 1989. Chesapeake thinks that natural gas will be the provoke prime(a) of the 21st century. The company has been highly competitive in both its exploration activities and efforts to augment its inventory of budding leasehold land. This combination should enable Chesapeake to remain a competitive force in the energy producing industry.New technology in the oil and gas industry has made exploration and product more profitable. This is key for the survival of American businesses that compete with OPEC and other foreign cartels that have very low production costs. New technology, including mu ltidimensional imaging, which has greater resolution than the previously animate technology, will enable Chesapeake to detect reserves more accurately. Also, crosswise drilling has enabled companies to drain more than one reserve at a time. With profits proceed to be squeezed within this industry, new technology is necessary to religious service American businesses compete on a worldwide scale.The oil and gas industry is truly a global market. The industry boosted gains in 1999 from increased production efficiency and a cliff in the received supply. U.S. firms, along with OPEC, have voluntarily decrease their fare production, which has increased the price. OPEC currently supplies approximately 40% of the world oil production. If OPEC chooses to produce at a lower output, Chesapeake could easily increase production with its low production costs and huge reserves. Many other nations are emerging as competitors, such as the former Soviet Union and Latin American countries. The continuing increase in supply from other nations would potentially saturate the market, causing lower prices and lower profits. look at is expected to rise only slightly more than two percent through the year 2005.The expectation for this industry is for increased competition domestically (from smaller companies) and internationally from emerging nations. The U.S. has superior technology, which will help keep profits up as supply increases and demand remains relatively constant.Natural gas makes up 72% of Chesapeakes revenue. They usually rat the product to third parties and are non directent on any one buyer. Less than 10% of their revenues are generated from two buyers.G all overnmental Regulations Operational and grok RelationsThe oil and gas industries are subject to considerable government regulation. These laws and regulations are primarily direct toward the handling and disposal of drilling and production waste products and waste created by water and air pollution c ontrol devices Chesapeake 10-K, 1998, p. 10. The oil and gas industry is accountable to numerous government agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency, the subdivision of the Interior, the Department of Energy, the State Department and the Department of Commerce. Virtually every aspect of operations is subject to decomposable and ever changing regulations.The oil and gas industry is tightly regulated in regard to drudge relations by government department and agencies, including the Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) and the National tug Relations Board (NLRB). Some states have their own state sponsored occupational safety plans, while the symmetricalness must comply with federal OSHA regulations. Some of the topics covered under OSHA include personal protective equipment, insecure communication (HAZCOM) and safety process training.Chesapeake had 453 employees as of March 15, 1999. None of these employees were represented by organized grind unions. The company considers its employee relations to be good Chesapeake 10-K, 1998, p. 13. Unocal (NYSE UCL) employed 7,880 people as of December 31, 1998, of which 575 were represented by various U.S. labor unions Unocal 10-K, 1998, p. 12.Both companies are subject to new laws and regulations regarding the environment and labor. Chesapeake and Unocal cannot predict what adverse financial conditions the new laws and regulations will bring. However, short-term and long-term costs will increase as companies improve existing operations to become and remain compliant with government regulations. As a resolving power, all companies in petro-chemical industries are experiencing tremendous difficulty operating profitable businesses. Several businesses have ceased operations as a declaration of increased regulation coupled with poor profit margins.Chesapeake is at a higher risk regarding this scenario since roughly of its operations are domestic. Unocal, although a U.S. based company, operat ions are concentrated primarily overseas, and therefore experience increased leniency regarding environmental and labor regulations.During the last two years, Chesapeake Corporation took a significant smasher in terms of earnings, memory price and credit ratings. Positive 1996 earnings turned to a acquittance in 1997 and tumbled to a bigger loss of $10 per share in 1998. This earnings decline cause the stock price and credit rating to plummet. The company also faces a class action lawsuit stemming from maintain violations of federal securities laws. Top management and directors are accused of using insider information to sell personal holdings in the company at artificially inflated prices.Chesapeake had very disappointing years in 1997 and 1998 as manifest by the fall in the stock price. The company underwent a substantial repositioning to increase natural gas holdings and reduce risk. As a result of this repositioning, Chesapeake incurred considerable debt and is dependent on the market prices of oil and natural gas to increase, and in effect, improve profit margins. Additionally, in 1997, Chesapeake shiftd their fiscal year end from June thirtieth to December 31st.As part of the repositioning, Chesapeake increased long term debt over $400 one thousand trillion to a add up of $920 million, coupled with a short-term indebtedness of $25 million. This increased borrowing drastically trim back the companys ability to obtain extra financing. Standard & Poors and Moodys placed Chesapeake on review with a negative outlook. The ability to meet obligations for this extra debt will depend on the production and financial performance of the company, market prices of oil and natural gas, and general economic conditions. greens Size Income Statement AnalysisChesapeake had an extremely large write-down of assets (impairment) as a result of reduced oil and gas prices during the ultimo few years. This charge increased operating costs by over $1.2 billion during 1997-98 with 72% of that cost coming in 1998. The asset write-down, combined with expense increases in production, selling and interest, were the main contributors of total operating costs to be over three times total revenue. The result was 1998 EBIT of ($920) million, and a non-existent ROE, since the company had a net loss approaching $1 billion. Unocals ROE was 5.9% in 1998 and 25.1% in 1997.The impairment cost reported by Chesapeake is questionable because of the very large occur that was charged. In perspective, Unocal with over $5 billion in property assets recorded an impairment charge of $97 million during 1998. If oil and gas prices rise in the near future, the impairment costs may be reverse giving the impression that the company is doing very well. Future investors of Chesapeake equities should consider this fact prior to making any investment decisions.Chesapeake had a $140 million reduction to both sides of the balance sheet. The repositioning of the firm focused o n increasing inventory of natural gas reserves, the fuel of choice for the 21st century 1998 Annual Report, pg. 18. Oil and gas properties closely doubled from 1997 to 1998, totaling $2.2 billion. However, nearly $1.6 billion was depreciated, depleted and amortized. Additionally, bills decreased nearly $100 million, short-term investments were shaved, and paid-in capital exceeded $1.1 billion over the historical two years to provide additional bills for purchases of gas reserves. As a result, total property, plant and equipment was 85% of total assets in 1998 compared to 77% in 1997. In comparison, Unocals PP&E was 66% and 64% of total assets respectively.Long-term debt increased over $400 million in 1998, totaling $920 million compared to $510 million in 1997. The $920 million was 113% in relation to total liabilities and owners equity of $813 million. In 1998, current liabilities were $131 million compared to current assets of $118 million. This resulted in a reduced current ratio of .90 from a 1997 ratio of 1.42. The Unocal current ratios during 1998 and 1997 were 1.01 and 1.29 respectively.Chesapeake has relied primarily on bills melt through financing activities during the past few years. Cash flow from operations was approximately $95 million in 1998 and $180 million in 1997, while cash flow from financing was $365 million and $278 million respectively. Sales accounted for $378 million in 1998 and appear to be rising approximately 35% annually from 1996 and 1997. However, an accurate comparison is unavailable because of the change in the companys fiscal year end.Low oil and gas prices forced Chesapeake to borrow, sell equity, and liquidate short-term investments in order to continue operations and invest in oil and gas properties. The company is dependent on the rise of prices during 1999 to continue operations and provide shareholder wealth. The company has several(prenominal) restrictions from being able to borrow additional funds. Additionally, the price of stock has dropped from a high of $34 in 1996 to a low of $.63 in 1998. This has further reduced the companys ability to generate cash.The current ratios for Chesapeake Energy are as follows 1.00 (June 96), 2.03 (June 97), 1.42 (December 97), and .90 (December 98). Current liabilities remained constant over this period, ranging from a high of 19% (June 96) to a low of 15% (June 97), with the current level at 16% of total assets. Extreme levels of change in current assets caused the current ratio to fluctuate drastically. Current assets declined from a high of $297 million (31% of total assets) to a current low of $117 million (15% of total assets). This decline in current assets caused the deterioration of the current ratio.The dit test ratios are as follows .94 (June 96), 2.00 (June 97), 1.37 (December 97), and .81 (December 98). As previously mentioned, current liabilities remained constant. Net accounts receivable remained flat as a percentage of total assets 9% in 1996, 7% in 1997 (Both June & December), and 9% in 1998. merchantable securities were sold off during the past three years, decreasing from 11% ($104 million) of total assets to zero. Cash decreased from 13% ($124 million) of total assets in 1997 (both June & December) to 4% in 1998. The combination of severe decreases in both cash and marketable securities are the reasons that the acid test ratio decreased so dramatically.The quick ratios are as follows .96 (June 96), 2.00 (June 97), 1.38 (December 97), and .86 (December 98). As mentioned previously, current liabilities remained constant and current assets declined. As with the current ratio, the main reason for the deterioration of the quick ratio is the continued loss of current assets.The above ratios and the reasons for their poor trends indicate Chesapeake is currently in a liquidness crisis. This, in combination with the increased debt liabilities, is an extreme warning to both investors and management. This condition also adds to the suspicion that assets are being sold off to fund current debt obligations.The firms ability to meet its obligations with cash, as they come due, is approximated by the cash flow liquidness ratio. As previously mentioned, solvency improved and then deteriorated as indicated by the current and quick ratios. The trends are confirmed when looking at cash flow. From 1995 to 1997, Chesapeakes cash flow liquidity improved from 1.47 to 1.8. 1997 to 1998 showed a large drop in liquidity from 1.8 to 0.95. The companys financial statement data gives an indication as to why.From 1995 to 1997, short-term solvency improved from 1.47 to 1.8. When looking at the data, cash from operations rose from $55 million in 1995, to $139 million in 1997. The 1997 rise was due to a change in the accounting period. During this same period, cash on hand rose from $56 million to $123 million and marketable securities rose from zero to $13 million. While cash was increasing, current liabilities rose from $75 million to $153 million. Current liabilities doubled during this period, while cash flow increased 150%. The larger increase in cash flow, relative to short-term obligations, accounts for the improvement in solvency during the 1995 to 1997 period.During the 1997 and 1998 periods, liquidity deteriorated as shown by the decrease in the cash flow liquidity ratio from 1.8 to 0.95. The data indicates that cash from operations dropped approximately 32% to $95 million. When looking at the Cash Flow Statement, the large decrease in operating cash is mainly due to the large net loss incurred during the period. At the same time, cash dropped 76% to $30 million while marketable securities fell to zero. Much of the cash appears to have gone to fund the companys payables and accrued liabilities. Current liabilities were reduced 15% to $131 million. The larger reduction in cash flow relative to current obligations accounts for the deterioration in short-term solvency.The cash flow data c onfirms that Chesapeakes liquidity suffered severe deterioration. A reduction in current liabilities is a good sign, but the little amount of cash generated and being used to fund current obligations is not enough. Cash assets are being used to fund these obligations as well.In comparison to the industry debt ratio of .31, Chesapeake ended with a debt ratio of 1.31 in 1998 compared to .71 in 1997. The long-term debt to total capitalization ratio increased from .64 in 1997 to 1.37 in 1998, while the industry average was .44. The tremendous increase in debt was attributable to significantly lower oil and gas prices during the past three years, and a failed drilling venture known as the Louisiana Trend. The company was forced to liquidate assets and take on a substantial amount of debt to meet operational expenses and increase oil and gas field reserves. Chesapeake was added to the Standard & Poors CreditWatch with negative implications Yahoo Finance, Nov. 14, 1999 in December of 1998. The low price of fuel during fiscal years 1996 through 1998 was the primary reason for Chesapeakes troubles. The debt incurred has covenants restricting the company from seeking additional debt and from paying dividends to preferred stock holders. Principal on a large portion of the outstanding debt is not due until 2004 allowing the company time to improve operations. This will also give fuel prices a kick downstairs to rise, which is determinant to the companys survival.The industry average for times interest earned is 5.2, while Chesapeakes operating profit was ($856) million. The ratio equated to well below zero in 1997 and 1998. In 1998, interest payments were more than $68 million.The financial leverage index could not be computed since there was not a overstep on equity. Chesapeake overextended their credit by substantially financing with debt and has jeopardized their ability to make obligated payments for their debt and fixed costs.

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Abortion - Essay ExampleOnly the individual can riddle the information and make their own decision based on what they believe to be correctly except everyone should know both sides on equal terms so as to make the decision that is right for them. Laws that force women to carry their pregnancy to term contradict the precepts of the U.S. Constitution as well as either definition of compassion and decency. It is unconscion subject that a nation founded on and dedicated to civil liberties could allow its citizens to doctor to dangerous self-abortion procedures. However, prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973 which legalized abortion in the U.S., this practice was commonplace. forwards abortion was legal, many thousands of young women were mutilated and died attempting to end a pregnancy though the wealthy were able to have illegal abortions safely. The wealthy were able to travel abroad or pay high fees to a local doctor willing to perform the procedure for a price but a slimy woman must resort to less safe options. Prohibiting abortions does not and has never stopped them from occurring it just acts to misuse women. Women should have access to safe abortions. Pro Choice activists argue that women should have access to safe abortions, that a nation founded on and dedicated to civil liberties could allow its citizens to resort to dangerous self-abortion procedures. (Bulanger, Melzak & Lauzon, 1989).A nation founded on and dedicated to civil liberties should not require its citizens to resort to dangerous self-abortion procedures. According to John Adams, Our Constitution was make for a moral people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other. (Beach 1988). Those opposed to legal abortions are in addition in the same camp that opposes programs that aid the impoverished and abused children who are the result of unwanted pregnancies. They stop consonant to Christian morals and family

PARAPHRASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PARAPHRASE - Essay frameworkThey do not use command-and-control model and they ensure the transmission of the companys culture.Nucor also has an unknown pay system that shares corporate wealth with workers (profits and bonuses). Workers and managers take-home greatly depends on results and pay disparities are mild with executive pay geared toward team-building. There also exists a healthy competition in Nucor base on efficiency, safety and output among shifts and facilities, balanced with a long history of idea-sharing and cooperation. Just as Nucor rewards undecomposed work, it also penalizes bad work and this way, the companys model has brought it numerous benefits including improved annual drudgery of acquisitions and improved total shipments. With the companys growth, its existing facilities whose products overlap with those of acquired plants may be forced to look new businesses to branch into thereby making its workers innovate themselves into more lucrative spots out of uncollectible ones.Apparently, Nucor is the leading and the most outstanding steel company in the U.S. Its model energizes workers and provides an example of exceptional strategical execution. It also ensures that both workers and managers demonstrate a level of fervor for the company that can border on the bizarre. For other companies, the model is therefore worth

Belief in People and Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Belief in People and Team - Essay ExampleAs a draw, integrity realizes that one has to focus on that common interest to make sure that the memorial t adequate to(p)t functioned effectively. As Dr. Bennis has pointed out in his writings, it is essential that the attracter create a sense of committee (ASAE Foundation, 2004). That is exactly what one did to keep the organization to a good start. The group started out by defining the mission and vision statements. One had to make sure that everyone in the organization believed in the objectives that were set. One knew that as the leader of the group, one has to rally them towards the attainment of the goals. The next step was to engage and motivate the members (ASAE Foundation, 2004). The problem that one set about is how to motivate all(prenominal) one of them. One realized that to be able to motivate them it is essential that one gets acquainted with each individual and uncover what drives them into action. One has to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of each member to be able to assign them to jobs which will put their talents and skills to their best use. This is a point which Dr. Bennis emphasized in his book, that is, a leader should determine the highest potential of each member (1994). One did this by letting each member gormandize out a questionnaire where they were asked their qualifications, interests, talents and hobbies. After going through the form, one got an idea which person may be appointed to do a certain duty. As a leader, one got to know his members better and determine the things that motivate them.Another unforgettable experience that one had about leading the organization was when one had to bring in changes in the previous system established by the past president. The past president required that each member report directly to him about the donations that were gathered for the projects of the group. One believed that the organization would function better if they were separ ate into groups which were

European causes of its 2012 economic crisis Term Paper

European causes of its 2012 stinting crisis - destination Paper Exampleased the political risks for EU governments and their leaders.6 The economical disaster was weakening the bond between the EU nations and challenging EUs unity and sh ared goals. Rapid exhaustion of liquidity left the bang with unsustainable shortfalls and monetary obligations larger than their GDP. In 2010, a sovereign debt catastrophe, particularly in Greece, stretched throughout the periphery and jeopardized all economic opportunity for the EU.In 2011, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund took actions to rescue Greece, Ireland, and Portugal.7 Governments of Iceland and Latvia make up disintegrated resulting from the public complaints over their administrations for mishandling their economies throughout the tragedy. Sparking the protests even more was the International Monetary Funds topic of emergency loans to the following EU nations Belarus ($2.48 billion), Bosnia and Herzegovina ($1.5 2 billion), Hungary ($15.7 billion), Iceland ($2.1 billion), Latvia ($2.35 billion), Moldova ($118.2 million), Poland ($20.58 billion), Romania ($17.1 billion), Serbia ($4.0 billion), and Ukraine ($16.4 billion). In February 2009, the World Bank in alliance with the European enthronisation Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development announced a monetary assistance lot amounting to $31 billion over two years to aid near-bankrupt banks and industries in Eastern and Central Europe.8 The economic turmoil caused a quick fluctuation in the Euro currencies of Eastern European countries and caused their government debits to climb, destabilizing the attempts of several countries to gather the European Union. $1.5 trillion assets in EU banks were exposed in Central and Eastern Europe. In bitchiness of the exposure of the major Western European banks for...This paper elucidates the real reasons behind The European debt crisis of 2012 and describes the effectual answer o f the EU to that negative economic situation. The five European countries Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain (GIIPS) that risked the future of the EU economy and caused various crises regarding the Euro are considered in the paper.Subsequent to the global downturn of 2007, the financial crisis in the peripheral states of the EU worsened economic activity quickly dwindled international trade plummeted and prospects for Europes exportation industry diminished. Moreover, the rise of unemployment and wo over the economic chaos sparked protests and thus increased the political risks for EU governments.The response of the EU to the corner was fast and influential. Besides the intervention to steady, re-establish and restructure the banking sector, the European Economic Recovery Plan was commenced for re-establishing reliance and reinforcing take in by increasing the economys purchasing power through balanced tactical financial schemes and measures that would support the busines s and employment sectors. The entire economic incentive, as well as the outcomes of regulated fiscal stabilizers, totals 5 percent of European GDP.Greece, Ireland, and Portugal were given considerable financial supports by the IMF, the Eurozone and EU monetary institutions. Moreover, the generous contribution and dynamic mediation of the ECB to fiscal stability supported the European administration and banking system.

Introduction Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduction - research laboratory Report ExampleCoral reefs ar found in about 100 countries and are groundwork to over 25% of marine population and are the worlds most fragile ones. They are topographically complex. Thousands of species of tip and invertebrates live in association with reefs, because of their complexity. For example, hundreds of colonial invertebrate species are found living on the undersides of platy corals in Caribbean Sea. Coral Bleaching Coral bleaching is the whitening of diverse coral colonies. It happens as the reaction of the loss of dependent zooxanthellae, residing within corals, or a reduction in its photosynthetic pigments. Factors causing coral bleaching include sundry(a) anthropogenic and natural variations in the environment including sea temperature, solar irradiance, sedimentation, xenobiotics, sub aerial exposure, inorganic nutrients, freshwater dilution, and epizootics. Coral bleaching is caused by both low as well as high levels of common salt. Low salinity level originates from sea water dilution that is a result of high precipitation events or storm runoff. amply salinity levels are produced by the desalination plant operations. Copper accumulation is the dominant trait of Aiptasia pallida. They are sensitive towards the relevant copper concentrations. Hence they may be useful in bio-monitoring of copper pollute environments.

Australian Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian Company Law - Essay ExampleTom and Adam ar in a confederation business even though no written agreement has been made. Partnership business give the gate be established through written pardnership deed, orally or by estoppels through the actions of the partners1. Rule 6 (3) of the Partnership Act is mainly used by the courts in determining the existence of the alliance relationship. This decree provides that sharing of the loots and losses is enough evidence of existence of a partnership. Joint ownership of position or sharing of the gross returns does not necessary create a partnership association. According to the field of Smith v. Anderson (1880), partnership business must intent to carry on business and not home(prenominal) transactions since the repletion or continuity of business transactions entrust be evidence of a partnership business2. Adam and Tom must be aware that every partner other than in limited partnerships, or incorporated limited partnerships can act as an agent of the business and his actions are binding to the business.. Partnership business is not regarded as a separate legal entity thus threesome parties ordain be contracting with the partners as individual agents of the business. In the case of Mercantile Credit Ltd v. Garrod (1962), the courts held that partners hold back the capacity to bind the firm and third parties must not have the knowledge that such partner lacks the authority to transact on behalf of the business3. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages of Tom and Adam conducting their business as a partnership. The main advantages of a partnership business include the ease of public figureation. Partnership formation does not require many legal formalities but only business modification and business permits. Partnerships ply certain tax incentives since each partner piece of profits is added to his or other sources of income and taxed as private incomes. Partnership business allows for fle xibility since the partners can easily alter the partnership deed that contains the rights and obligations of each partner, the profit and loss sharing ratios and liability of each partner depending on the nature of the partnership. Partners can access 50% CGT discount since they hold an interest in each business asset as an individual. The partners also share losses, decision making and responsibilities of running the business. However, Tom and Adam must also understand the disadvantages of partnership form of business since partners are jointly and severally liable for the liabilities of the business. Partnership business lacks continuity since dissolution can be occasioned by the death of the partner, or disagreements of the partners, bankruptcy of a partner, and retirement. It is difficult to transfer the ownership of the partnership business and partners have unlimited liability for the debts of the business. Since Tom and Adam have the intention of expanding their Winery busin ess, I would advice them to form a limited guild since their liability will be limited and their business will be a separate legal entity that can incur debts, sue or be sued. A limited company will allow them easy access to expansion capital. Tom and Adam will be able to easily transfer their ownership in the company through sale of their shares to third parties. Limited Liability Company will allow Tom and Adam to limit their tax liabilities since the company is taxed on its own entity. However, there are many legal formalities and strict regulations that guide the registration and operations of

See word Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

CVS Company Challenges - date ExampleThe employees often grumble that the management actively snoops on their social media accounts and dismisses people with questionable content. The partnership to a fault takes serious actions against employees who make negative comments about the company on media sites. In addition, the company also imposes decisions on employees without their consent and penalizes those who are reluctant to adopt. Just recently, a cashier for CVS Pharmacy in Oakland atomic number 20 testified in court about the companys practices. In that, penalizing employees who do not ace health examination is against California hour laws and wage. Roberta Watterson claimed that the $600 yearly health insurance addition charge for CVS employees who fail to complete biometric screening and health risk assessment is illegal in reference to provisions of the states Labor Code. Besides, employees complain that the CVS cut employee hours and assign more work for a single empl oyee. For instance, one employee is tasked with the job of about trinity people in a poor working environment. Still, the company management gets upset when their Triple S score decreases. This clearly shows that the company values their interest most at the expense of employees wellbeing. Good employment practices require that a company gives adequate and right information about the products. Instead, CVS is accused of constantly sweet in the wrong and misleading advertisement about their products in Los Angeles. The company also practices monopolistic and marauding business tactics to put small competitors out of business in America. To further add problems, the attain to replace humans with self-check-out stations resulted in increased unemployment cases. The move also shows that the company is only interested about making profits. Fair pricing of products is an issue of concern for most companies.

Sustainable tourism and educating the tourist Essay

Sustainable cristalism and educating the tourist - Essay ExampleWith such high and definitely increasing demand, protection of nicety and environment has become imperative.Sustainable tourism in its purest sense is an manufacture which attempts to make a low impact on the environment and topical anaesthetic culture, while helping to commence income, employment, and the conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism which is both ecologically and culturally sensitive http//www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/eco-tour.htmlST makes maximum ingestion of environmental resources without disturbing congenital heritage and biodiversity, respecting socio-cultural authenticity of the region, and ensuring long term sparing wellbeing of the stakeholders.In relation to mass tourism, sustainable tourism is a specialised branch. Mass tourism is economically beneficial, light-colored to market, but is rather harsh on attractions. It no doubt cares for environment and cultural attractio ns but not enough. It does not involve local communities as stakeholders and there is hardly any dialogue between communities, tourists and tour operators. It is a positive force for poor countries, which can, if allowed to go unbridled, also can harm local culture and environment. Pope John Paul II thought mass tourism was another way of exploiting local communities, even though mass tourism is vital for many countries. (http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/talking_point/1468503.stm). Responsible tourism like ST minimises the damage that could be caused by mass tourism to environment and culture. MEDITERRANEANSpain and Mediterranean coastlines offered raise mass tourism for decades now. Mass tourism has created complex issues like demands and pressures and new policies and planning techniques. It has also created the essential of sustainable tourism application in this area. Uncontrolled tourism almost ruined the freshwater divide here. Italy and Greece too were adversely affected by mass t ourism. The mass model of sun and beach tourism which is characteristic of the Mediterranean coastline has caused both the spectacular urban, demographic and economic growth of small coastal towns erstwhile inhabited by farming and fishing families who eventually came to make their living from tourism, and the increasing degradation of their natural setting http//geographyfieldwork.com/TourismMatureDestinations.htm This statement is true as the involved countries have only recently woken up into the outrageousness of the problems that tourism has created. Mediterranean holidays deal with all major holiday brands and depend on seasonality. But in recent years, it had been seen as a single major threat to the pristine coastline and equally destructive to worth(predicate) wetlands even though tourism is the most important vehicle of growth. STAKEHOLDERUnder these circumstances, Sustainable tourism that involves the local community in safeguarding and protecting the cultural and envir onmental assets of the region comes into picture and gives new hope. ST believes in the economic benefit of the region because tourism is connected with productivity, mobility, communication facilities and broadened horizons. Obviously, these factors are interrelated, but a greater weight probably should be assigned to productivity than to the others, Smith (1989, p.41). Without further opportunity of productivity, it is difficult to